Theobromine, naproxen, and lidocaine cannot be adequately metabolised or broken down in dogs with a certain mutation in their CYP1A2 gene (the variant is 1117C>T). This could explain why some dogs become ill after ingesting only a small amount of chocolate and has crucial consequences for their medical care.
What should you do, then, if you think your dog may have consumed chocolate? You have several choices. To determine if your dog is likely to have symptoms, use an internet calculator like this one or contact animal poison control (1-888-426-4435 in Canada and the U.S.). You should keep a close eye on your dog regardless of what they say, checking for symptoms such a high heart rate, vomiting, or tremors, while keeping in mind that such resources are not a replacement for veterinary care.
You should take your dog to the vet immediately away if they consumed an unknown amount of chocolate, are displaying symptoms, are pregnant (theobromine can cross the placenta and impact the puppy), or have any other health issues. Veterinarian anti-chocolate remedies are most successful if administered as soon as possible after intake, even if symptoms may not appear for up to two hours after ingestion.
What precisely is done to treat theobromine poisoning in dogs? Decontamination of the stomach. Emptying the stomach is the first step (if the ingestion was recent enough). This frequently involves the use of the chemical apomorphine, which is injected into the eye to be swiftly absorbed.
A veterinarian will then give activated charcoal, a finely powdered substance that can bind a range of medications and chemicals. Because it turns your dog’s stool black, activated charcoal is typically given by combining it with wet dog food as soon as possible after ingesting the poison. Charcoal must occasionally be administered again, although it can also be effective with just one dose.
A theobromine-intoxicated dog will only receive medication to treat their specific symptoms after these steps, such as Diazepam for seizures or hyperexcitability, beta blockers for a fast heart rate, atropine for a low heart rate, or other medications.
It turns out that cats are more prone to theobromine poisoning than dogs, despite the fact that we never hear of a cat becoming ill after eating chocolate. How come?
primarily because dogs tend to eat more recklessly than cats do. While cats tend to be fussy eaters, dogs are infamous for eating almost anything they can get their hands on, even joint butts, which puts them at risk for cannabis toxicity. This can be partially explained by the fact that cats cannot taste glucose.
You probably wouldn’t eat much of it if all chocolate tasted like 100% dark chocolate.
Takeaway message
- Theobromine, which dogs cannot adequately metabolise, is the main reason why chocolate is deadly to dogs.
- With respect to weight, a dog’s ability to consume chocolate without developing symptoms varies significantly.
- If your dog consumes chocolate, you should keep a close eye on them and take them to the vet if they exhibit any symptoms, are very young, pregnant, or have other health issues.
Special thanks to Henry, who, as you may assume, inspired this paper by eating chocolate, and Rachel Malkani, a veterinary PhD candidate and MSc. CDBC.
How much chocolate will kill a dog?
Dogs react differently to various types of chocolate. However, it might take between 0.3 and 2 ounces of chocolate per pound of body weight to cause a dog’s death.
Which chocolate causes dogs the most harm?
We frequently see cases of chocolate poisoning in dogs. Actually, the most frequent call the Pet Poison Helpline gets is for chocolate ingestion. It is crucial for us as pet owners to be particularly vigilant because dogs have a tendency to sniff and seek out this tasty treat even whether it is in a closed bag, out of their reach, or stored away.
Due to the presence of methylxanthines, notably caffeine and theobromine, chocolate is poisonous to dogs. Theobromine is metabolised by dogs much more slowly than it is by humans. Even little amounts of chocolate can be detrimental to your dog, depending on their weight.
Theobromine content varies among various kinds of chocolate. In general, a product’s hazard to your pet increases with the amount of cocoa solids it contains because theobromine is present in higher concentrations. Therefore, compared to milk chocolate or white chocolate, dark chocolate and baking chocolate (cocoa powder or Baker’s chocolate) are far more harmful to dogs.
Based on your dog’s weight, how much chocolate they consumed, and the type of chocolate they consumed, use this calculator to discover how poisonous chocolate is to your dog.
The following are possible early or minor signs of chocolate toxicity:
- nausea and vomiting
- hyperactivity or irritability
- Drooling
- a greater thirst
Worsening signs could include:
- rapid heartbeat
- elevated blood pressure
- heart irregularities
In more severe situations or at large levels, eating chocolate may result in:
- Seizures
- shakes or twitches
- heart failure
- muscle stiffness
- Collapse
- Death
The course of treatment for chocolate consumption depends on the amount of chocolate consumed and the patient’s symptoms.
Low dose of chocolate ingested
Dogs who consume little amounts of chocolate may or may not require medical attention, however it is frequently advised to use activated charcoal to induce vomiting in order to stop further absorption. If a patient has symptoms like vomiting or diarrhoea, subcutaneous fluids (under the skin) may be administered to assist flush their kidneys and keep them hydrated. It’s possible to send home anti-nausea drugs as well.
Three Cavaliers who consumed Halloween candy need supportive care and vomiting inducement.
High dose of chocolate ingested
It is advised that dogs who have consumed bigger amounts and are exhibiting more symptoms be admitted to the hospital so that their heart rate and rhythm may be monitored. They will also get IV fluids and numerous doses of activated charcoal. Beta blockers may be administered to dogs under severe circumstances.
The majority of patients recover and do well if treatment is diligently administered as soon as ingestion is discovered.
It is advised to seek guidance from your veterinarian or your neighbourhood emergency veterinary hospital, make a call to animal poison control, or head directly to the closest open veterinary hospital if you believe your cat or dog has consumed chocolate.
Despite the fact that cats don’t frequently consume chocolate like dogs do, it is nonetheless poisonous to them.
The veterinarian might want to conduct a thorough examination that includes a blood profile, urine, and possibly an ECG to help identify any heart issues. Your veterinarian could suggest that you check your pet into a hospital for observation, support treatment, and additional blood testing based on the symptoms.
What occurs if a dog consumes a small amount of chocolate?
What occurs when a dog consumes chocolate? Dogs are harmful to the ingredients in chocolate. A dog may undergo poisoning, with signs ranging from vomiting and diarrhoea to seizures and unexpected death, depending on its size and the amount of chocolate it consumes.
Bananas can dogs eat them?
Apples Dogs can consume apples, yes. For your dog, apples are a great source of fibre, vitamins A and C, and both. They are the ideal snack for older dogs because they are low in protein and fat. Just be sure you first remove the core and seeds. For an icy warm weather snack, try them frozen. It is also a component in dog treats with an apple flavour.
Avocado Dogs shouldn’t eat avocado, though. Although it could be a nutritious snack for dog owners, avocado should never be offered to dogs. Avocados contain the poison persin, which frequently causes dogs to vomit and have diarrhoea, in the pit, skin, and leaves. Although the fruit’s fleshy inside does not contain as much persin as the remainder of the plant, dogs cannot handle it.
Bananas Bananas can be consumed by dogs. Bananas are a fantastic low-calorie treat for dogs when given in moderation. They contain a lot of potassium, vitamins, fibre, copper, and biotin. Although they are low in cholesterol and salt, bananas should only be given to dogs as a treat because of their high sugar content. They shouldn’t be a regular component of your dog’s diet.
Blueberries Dogs can indeed consume blueberries. Antioxidants, which are found in abundance in blueberries, protect both human and canine cells from oxidative stress. They also include a lot of phytochemicals and fibre. Has your dog been taught to catch treats in the air? As an alternative to prepared foods from the shop, try blueberries.
Cantaloupe Dogs can eat cantaloupe, yes. Cantaloupe is an excellent source of water and fibre, is high in nutrients, and is low in calories. However, because to its high sugar content, it should be used in moderation, especially by overweight or diabetic dogs.
Cherries Dogs shouldn’t eat cherries, of course. Cherry plants are poisonous to dogs because they contain cyanide, with the exception of the fleshy area surrounding the seed. Because cyanide interferes with cellular oxygen transport, your dog’s blood cells don’t receive enough oxygen. If your dog consumes cherries, watch out for symptoms of cyanide poisoning such as dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, and red gums.
Cranberries Yes, dogs can consume cranberries without any problems. Dogs can be given tiny amounts of both fresh and dried cranberries. Another consideration is whether your dog will enjoy this sour treat. As with any treat, feeding cranberries to dogs should be done in moderation because too many might cause gastrointestinal distress.
Cucumbers Dogs can indeed eat cucumbers. Since cucumbers contain almost no carbohydrates, lipids, or oils and have the potential to increase energy levels, they are particularly beneficial for overweight dogs. They are rich in potassium, copper, magnesium, biotin, and the vitamins K, C, and B1.
Grapes No, grapes should never be eaten by dogs. No of the dog’s breed, sex, or age, grapes and raisins (dried grapes) have proven to be extremely poisonous for canines. In fact, grapes can cause acute, unexpected renal failure because they are so poisonous. Always keep in mind that this fruit is poisonous to dogs.
Mango Mangoes can be consumed by dogs. This delicious summer treat contains a powerhouse of vitamins A, B6, C, and E. In addition, they contain potassium and both beta- and alpha-carotene. Just keep in mind that, like with other fruits, you should first remove the hard pit because it contains trace amounts of cyanide and poses a choking risk. Use mango as a rare treat because it contains a lot of sugar.
Oranges Dogs can consume oranges, yes. Veterinarians say that dogs can eat oranges without any problems, but they caution against giving them any citrus with a strong scent. Oranges are a great source of vitamin C, potassium, and fibre. The juicy flesh of an orange may also make a delightful treat for your dog in moderation. Veterinarians do advise discarding the peel and giving your dog solely the orange’s flesh, excluding any seeds. Orange peel is hard on their digestive systems, and the oils may cause your dog’s delicate nose to actually turn up.
Peaches Yes, dogs can eat peaches without getting sick. Peaches are an excellent source of fibre and vitamin A in little amounts, and they can even help fight infections. However, just like cherries, the pit of a peach contains cyanide. Fresh peaches can be a nice summer treat as long as you completely cut around the pit beforehand. Avoid canned peaches since they typically include a lot of sweet syrups.
Pears Dogs can indeed eat pears. Because they are rich in fibre, vitamins C and K, and copper, pears make a terrific snack. According to some research, eating the fruit can cut your chance of suffering a stroke in half. Just remember to chop pears into bite-sized pieces and to first remove the pit and seeds because the seeds do contain traces of cyanide. Avoid pear cans containing sweet syrups.
Pineapple Yes, dogs may safely eat pineapple. If the prickly outer peel and crown are first removed, a few chunks of pineapple make an excellent sweet treat for dogs. The tropical fruit is rich in fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, it has bromelain, an enzyme that facilitates protein absorption in dogs.
Yes, a dog’s natural snack of pure pumpkin is a terrific one and highly healthful. It is beneficial for digestion and can treat both diarrhoea and constipation in addition to benefiting your dog’s skin and coat. Just bear in mind that you should never give pumpkin pie mix to your dog. Make sure the canned pumpkin you purchase is made entirely of pumpkin. Pumpkin-flavored dog snacks and vitamins are also widely available.
Raspberries Dogs can indeed consume raspberries. In moderation, raspberries are acceptable. They are healthy for dogs since they contain antioxidants. They are high in fibre, manganese, and vitamin C but low in sugar and calories. Raspberries offer anti-inflammatory characteristics that can benefit ageing joints, making them particularly beneficial for older dogs. Even so, your dog should only consume up to a cup of raspberries at a time because they do contain trace quantities of xylitol.
Strawberries Yes, strawberries are edible by dogs. Strawberry fibre and vitamin C content is high. They also include an enzyme that, when consumed by your dog, can assist in whitening his or her teeth. Give them sparingly because they contain sugar.
Dogs should stay away from tomatoes. While tomatoes’ ripe fruit is typically regarded as healthy for canines, the plant’s green parts are poisonous due to a compound called solanine. To be safe, it’s advisable to avoid tomatoes altogether even though a dog would need to consume a significant portion of the tomato plant to become ill.
Watermelon Dogs can consume watermelon, yes. Watermelon flesh is okay for dogs, but it’s vital to remove the peel and seeds first since they can result in intestinal blockage. It is rich in potassium, vitamins A, B-6, and C. As 92 percent of a watermelon contains water, it’s a terrific method to help keep your dog hydrated throughout the scorching summer months. (These days, you can even get dog treats that taste like watermelon.)
Does one M&M harm a dog?
Each dog owner has a secret fear that one day they would discover that their beloved canine couldn’t resist the chocolate goodies on the kitchen counter. The following information regarding chocolate and dogs could save your life.
The Science Behind Dogs Eating Chocolate
- Theobromine and caffeine are the poisonous components of chocolate. So please don’t give Fido a mocha coffee! When you next use the drive-through at Starbucks, stick with the Puppuccino.
- At modest dosages, chocolate can produce agitation, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Unsettling effects including cardiac arrhythmia and seizures can be brought on by high doses.
- Your dog may not begin to exhibit symptoms for up to 6 hours following their sinful indulgence.
- The kind of chocolate is crucial. For instance, dark chocolate has twice as much poison as milk chocolate. Bakers chocolate is three times as poisonous as dark chocolate, making it considerably more lethal.
